Structural optimisation teaches methods to design structures that meet performance, weight, cost, and safety objectives. Topics include formulation of objective and constraint functions, sizing/shape/topology optimisation, sensitivity analysis, gradient-based and heuristic algorithms and material and manufacturing constraints. Numerical techniques (FEM integration, penalty/augmented Lagrangian, SIMP), implementation issues (regularization, mesh dependence), and applications pertinent to structural engineering are emphasized, with hands‑on projects linking theory to efficient, robust computational workflows and real‑world design requirements.